The American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the United States Census Bureau provides estimates of the characteristics of the population over a specific time period. The ACS collects data from the 50 states, Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico, where it is called the Puerto Rico Community Survey. It is a continuous survey, in which each month a sample of housing unit addresses receives a questionnaire, with approximately three million addresses surveyed each year. Each year the survey produces data pooled to produce 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year estimates for geographic areas in the United States and Puerto Rico, ranging from neighborhoods to congressional districts to the entire nation. Data for each release of the 5-year estimates were collected over a 5-year period ending December 31 of the reference year (e.g., data in the 2014-2018 5-year estimates were collected January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2018). The statistics reported represent the characteristics of the population for the entire period vs. a specific year within that period.
The 5-year estimates are published for areas with populations of all sizes and are the most reliable and precise of the ACS period estimates as well as the most comprehensive, albeit the least current. (The 1-year and 3-year estimates provide data on areas with populations of 65,000+ and 20,000+, respectively. Note that the ACS 3-year estimates were discontinued with the 2011-2013 release.) The ACS estimates provide information about the social and economic needs of communities and are used to help determine how more than $400 billion in federal and state funds are distributed each year. It is conducted under the authority of Title 13, United States Code, Sections 141 and 193. Note that counts of the population are provided by the Census of Population and Housing conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau every 10 years; and official estimates of the population are derived from the previous census and from the Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey. Accessed May 25, 2020, https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/summary-file-documentation.html.
The 500+ individual datasets that make up the American Community Survey contain over 21,000 sociodemographic indicators. Estimates are available for nations, states, counties, census tracts, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, place, and block groups, resulting in hundreds of thousands of data points. Data Planet allows you to view estimates separately by indicator and geography and to compare and contrast estimates across geographies. You can also compare the indicators with indicators in other datasets that you find in the repository.
The Data Planet repository holds the 5-year estimates for releases since the 2010 U.S. Census of Population and Housing. Currently available is the 2021 release, covering the period January 1, 2016 - December 31, 2020, as well as the five prior releases.
Remember This! The estimates represent data collected over the entire 5-year period covered by the survey, not to a specific point of time within that period.
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The United States Census Bureau is a bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The major functions of the Census Bureau are authorized by Article 2, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which provides that a census of population shall be taken every 10 years, and by Title 13 and Title 26 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations.
The Census Bureau is responsible for numerous statistical programs, including census and surveys of households, governments, manufacturing and industries, and for U.S. foreign trade statistics. The first U.S. Census was conducted in 1790 for the purposes of apportioning state representation in the House of Representatives and for the apportionment of taxes.
